Personnel on Board POB | Industry Knowledge Hub

Industry FAQ | Table of contents: 

• What is POB and how does it work?
• How is POB feasible? The Technology behind POB systems
• Challenges and hazards using POB

What is POB and how does it work?

What is the fundamental purpose of a Personnel-on-Board (POB) system in offshore operations?

A Personnel-on-Board system exists to maintain an accurate, real-time account of every individual present on an offshore installation, vessel, or energy asset. Its primary purpose is safety: in the event of an emergency such as fire, explosion, evacuation, or man-overboard, operators must know exactly who is on board, where they are supposed to be, and who may be missing. Beyond emergency response, POB underpins regulatory compliance, operational planning, accommodation management, and logistics such as crew changes and helicopter or vessel transfers. A reliable POB system reduces uncertainty during critical situations, shortens response times, and supports structured decision-making by offshore installation managers and emergency teams, making it a cornerstone of safe offshore energy operations.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/personnel.htm

Back to top ˄

Why is POB considered a safety-critical process in offshore energy installations?

POB is safety-critical because human life is the most vulnerable asset offshore, and emergency scenarios evolve rapidly in isolated environments. Unlike onshore facilities, offshore installations have limited evacuation routes, exposure to harsh weather, and delayed external assistance. During an incident, emergency leaders must immediately verify who is accounted for, who is in refuge areas, and who may still be exposed to danger. Any inaccuracy in POB can lead to delayed rescues, unnecessary risk to response teams, or incomplete evacuations. Regulators, therefore, treat POB as a core element of safety management systems, requiring operators to demonstrate that POB processes are reliable, auditable, and regularly tested through drills and exercises.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/emergency.htm

Back to top ˄

How does POB fit into the overall offshore safety management system?

POB is not a standalone activity but an integrated component of the offshore safety management system. It links closely with permit-to-work processes, access control, emergency response planning, and logistics management. Before personnel are allowed offshore, they must be registered, medically cleared, and trained, all of which feed into the POB process. During operations, POB data supports shift planning, competence assurance, and accommodation limits. In emergencies, the same data becomes critical for mustering and evacuation. Regulators expect POB procedures to be documented, role-based, and aligned with risk assessments, ensuring that people tracking supports both normal operations and abnormal situations.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/safety-management.htm

Back to top ˄

What roles and responsibilities are typically defined around POB?

Clear roles are essential to make POB effective. Offshore installation managers or vessel masters are ultimately accountable for knowing who is on board. Dedicated administrators or control room operators often manage day-to-day updates, including arrivals, departures, and changes in status. Supervisors are responsible for confirming that their teams follow check-in, check-out, and mustering procedures. Individual workers also carry the responsibility to comply with POB rules, such as wearing identification and reporting movements. Onshore teams support POB by managing personnel data, travel logistics, and regulatory reporting. This clear allocation of responsibility ensures that POB remains accurate and trusted at all times.

Reference: https://www.ogp.org.uk/resources/

Back to top ˄

Why is real-time accuracy more important than headcount alone in POB?

A simple headcount only confirms how many people should be present, not who they are or where they may be. Real-time accuracy ensures that POB reflects actual movements, including transfers between installations, temporary work locations, or refuge areas. In emergencies, responders need to identify specific individuals, their likely locations, and their roles, such as medics or fire team members. Real-time POB also supports operational decisions, such as limiting exposure to hazardous tasks or ensuring accommodation capacity is not exceeded. Without timely updates, POB data quickly becomes unreliable, undermining both safety and operational confidence.

Reference: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/default.aspx

Back to top ˄

How does POB support emergency mustering and evacuation?

During an emergency, POB provides the baseline against which mustering is verified. Emergency teams compare muster reports against the POB list to identify missing or unaccounted-for persons. This allows rescue efforts to focus on specific individuals and locations instead of conducting blind searches. POB also supports evacuation planning by confirming who has boarded lifeboats, standby vessels, or helicopters. Accurate POB reduces the risk of leaving someone behind or unnecessarily re-entering hazardous areas. For regulators, effective POB-supported mustering is a key indicator of emergency preparedness.

Reference: https://www.identecsolutions.com/news/pob-list-why-is-it-important

Back to top ˄

What regulatory expectations typically exist for POB in offshore energy?

Regulators generally require offshore operators to maintain a reliable means of identifying and accounting for all personnel on board at any time. This includes documented procedures, defined responsibilities, and systems capable of supporting emergency response. Authorities may not prescribe a specific technology, but they expect the outcome to be accurate, auditable, and resilient. Regular drills, audits, and inspections are used to verify that POB arrangements work under realistic conditions. Failure to demonstrate effective POB can lead to enforcement actions, operational restrictions, or shutdowns, reflecting its importance in offshore safety regimes.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/regulations.htm

Back to top ˄

How does POB interact with transport and transfer processes offshore?

POB begins before personnel arrive offshore and ends only when they are safely returned onshore. Helicopter flights, crew transfer vessels, and gangway systems all represent critical points of transition for the POB. Each transfer must be accurately recorded to avoid discrepancies between transport manifests and on-board records. Delays, weather disruptions, or emergency diversions can quickly create confusion if POB processes are weak. Effective integration between transport logistics and POB ensures that offshore installations never lose visibility of who is en route, who has arrived, and who has departed.

Reference: https://www.icao.int/safety/offshore/Pages/default.aspx

Back to top ˄

Why is POB important beyond emergency scenarios?

Outside emergencies, POB supports day-to-day operational efficiency and compliance. It helps manage accommodation limits, catering, medical coverage, and work scheduling. POB data can be used to verify that only competent and authorized personnel have access to certain areas or tasks. It also supports fatigue management by tracking time on board and rotation cycles. From a governance perspective, accurate POB records enable traceability during investigations, audits, and incident reviews. This broader operational value explains why POB is increasingly viewed as a business-critical process rather than just an emergency tool.

Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/safety

Back to top ˄

How does human behavior influence the effectiveness of POB processes?

Even the best-designed POB systems depend on human compliance. If personnel forget to check in, bypass procedures, or share access credentials, data accuracy deteriorates quickly. Cultural factors such as production pressure or complacency can lead to shortcuts that undermine POB reliability. Effective POB, therefore, requires training, clear communication, and leadership commitment to safety rules. When workers understand that POB exists to protect lives rather than to monitor productivity, compliance improves. Behavioral alignment is a critical success factor in making POB trustworthy.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/

Back to top ˄

What is the relationship between POB and access control offshore?

Access control and POB are closely linked processes. Access control determines who is allowed to enter specific areas or installations, while POB records who is actually present. When integrated, access events automatically update POB status, reducing manual errors. This ensures that unauthorized personnel cannot appear on POB lists and that authorized individuals are accurately tracked. Integration also supports emergency response by confirming the last known access points. Regulators often view access control as a supporting control that strengthens overall POB reliability.

Reference:  https://www.identecsolutions.com/news/access-control-for-doors-how-to-integrate-it-with-pob 

Back to top ˄

How does POB contribute to contractor and third-party management?

Offshore installations often host multiple contractors, service crews, and temporary specialists. POB provides a single authoritative record that includes all personnel, regardless of employer. This visibility supports induction compliance, competence verification, and emergency accountability. Without a unified POB process, contractors may be tracked inconsistently, increasing risk during emergencies. POB also helps operators demonstrate due diligence in managing third-party risks, a common regulatory and insurance requirement in offshore energy projects.

Reference:  https://www.identecsolutions.com/news/crew-attendance-and-electronic-technologies

Why are drills and exercises essential for validating POB processes?

Drills test whether POB procedures work under realistic conditions, including stress, time pressure, and partial system failures. They reveal gaps such as delayed updates, unclear responsibilities, or poor communication between teams. Exercises also reinforce correct behavior among personnel, making POB routines familiar rather than theoretical. Regulators often require evidence of regular drills to demonstrate that POB arrangements are effective. Continuous testing ensures that POB remains reliable as personnel, layouts, and operating conditions change.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/drills.htm

Back to top ˄

How does POB support incident investigation and learning?

After an incident, POB records provide an objective timeline of who was present, when movements occurred, and who may have been exposed. This information supports root-cause analysis and helps investigators understand human and organizational factors. Accurate POB data can also demonstrate regulatory compliance or identify procedural failures. Lessons learned from incidents often lead to improvements in POB processes, training, or system design. In this way, POB contributes not only to immediate safety but also to long-term risk reduction across offshore operations.
Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/exploration-production/safety

Back to top ˄

How is POB feasible? Technology behind POB systems

What is meant by an electronic Personnel-on-Board (ePOB) system in offshore operations?

An electronic POB system is a digital solution that automatically or semi-automatically tracks and manages personnel information on offshore installations or vessels. Unlike manual or paper-based POB lists, ePOB systems rely on software platforms connected to identification, access, or tracking technologies to maintain a live or near-real-time personnel register. The system typically integrates personnel databases, movement events, and status changes into a single authoritative source. Its purpose is to improve the accuracy, speed, and reliability of POB data, particularly during emergencies. Electronic POB also enables audit trails, reporting, and system integration with safety, logistics, and operational tools, making it a foundational digital safety system offshore.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/infosheet/isp11.htm

Back to top ˄

What core components typically make up an electronic POB solution?

An electronic POB solution typically comprises three core components: identification technology, a backend software platform, and user interfaces. Identification may involve RFID tags, smart cards, biometric identifiers, or mobile credentials carried by personnel. The backend platform processes movement events, maintains the POB list, applies business rules, and stores historical data. User interfaces include control room dashboards, muster screens, and reporting tools for offshore and onshore users. Communication infrastructure, such as wired networks or wireless coverage, connects these components. Together, these elements enable automated updates, system resilience, and visibility across operational and emergency scenarios.

Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/technical/safety

Back to top ˄

How does RFID technology support electronic POB offshore?

RFID is one of the most widely used technologies for electronic POB because it enables contactless personnel identification. Offshore workers carry RFID-enabled badges or tags that are detected by readers installed at access points, gangways, helidecks, or muster stations. Each detection event updates the POB system automatically, reducing reliance on manual input. RFID systems can be designed for harsh offshore environments, with intrinsically safe devices and long battery life. Depending on design, RFID can provide zone-level presence or event-based tracking, making it well-suited for safety-critical personnel accounting rather than continuous surveillance.

Reference: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/Maritime-Security.aspx

Back to top ˄

What is the difference between event-based and real-time location systems in ePOB?

Event-based ePOB systems update personnel status when a predefined event occurs, such as a badge scan at an access point or a muster station. Real-time location systems (RTLS), by contrast, continuously or frequently estimate a person’s location using technologies like UWB, Wi-Fi, or BLE. Event-based systems are simpler, more robust, and often sufficient for regulatory POB requirements. RTLS provides richer situational awareness but introduces complexity, higher infrastructure demands, and potential data overload. Offshore operators choose between these approaches based on risk profile, installation size, and operational needs, often prioritizing reliability over precision.

Reference: https://www.iso.org/standard/62946.html

Back to top ˄

How do access control systems integrate with electronic POB?

Access control systems are a primary data source for electronic POB. When personnel badge through controlled doors, gangways, or turnstiles, access events are automatically transmitted to the POB system. This integration ensures that only authorized individuals can appear as present on board and that movements are recorded consistently. In emergencies, access history can help determine last known locations. Integration reduces manual updates and human error, but it requires careful configuration to avoid false positives, such as tailgating or door hold-open situations.

Reference: https://www.identecsolutions.com/news/vessel-gangway-pob-tracking-procedures 

Back to top ˄

What role do muster stations and electronic mustering play in ePOB?

Electronic mustering uses fixed or portable readers at muster stations to rapidly confirm personnel presence during emergencies or drills. When individuals present their badges or tags, the system reconciles muster data with the POB list to identify missing persons. Electronic mustering dramatically reduces time compared to roll calls, especially on large installations. It also provides emergency command teams with immediate digital reports. Modern ePOB systems are designed so that mustering remains functional even if parts of the infrastructure are degraded, reinforcing system resilience.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/emergency-response.htm

Back to top ˄

How do mobile devices and apps fit into electronic POB solutions?

Mobile devices and applications are increasingly used as interfaces to electronic POB systems. Tablets or rugged handhelds allow supervisors to view POB status, perform manual confirmations, or support mustering in remote areas. Some systems allow smartphones to serve as credentials or backup identification methods, though this raises security and safety concerns. Mobile integration improves flexibility but must be carefully controlled to ensure data integrity, offline capability, and cybersecurity. As a result, mobile tools usually complement rather than replace fixed POB infrastructure.

Reference: https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework

Back to top ˄

What data is typically stored and processed in an electronic POB system?

Electronic POB systems store identity data such as name, role, employer, and certification status, along with dynamic status information indicating whether a person is on board, in transit, or mustered. Time-stamped movement events form an audit trail that supports reporting and investigation. Some systems also store emergency roles, medical flags, or accommodation assignments. Because this data is safety-critical and personal, systems must comply with data protection and cybersecurity requirements. Data accuracy, availability, and integrity are key design priorities in ePOB solutions.

Reference: https://www.iso.org/standard/27001.html

Back to top ˄

How is system resilience achieved in offshore ePOB technologies?

Resilience is achieved through redundancy, local processing, and fail-safe design. Offshore ePOB systems often operate independently of onshore connectivity, with local servers or edge devices ensuring continued functionality during communication outages. Backup power supplies, redundant readers, and offline muster capabilities are common. Systems are designed so that loss of a single component does not compromise overall POB visibility. Regulators and operators expect ePOB solutions to remain operational during emergencies, when infrastructure stress is highest.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/asset-integrity.htm

Back to top ˄

What cybersecurity considerations apply to electronic POB systems?

Electronic POB systems are part of the operational technology environment and must be protected against cyber threats. Unauthorized access, data manipulation, or system unavailability could have serious safety consequences. Cybersecurity measures include network segmentation, role-based access control, encryption, and regular patching. Offshore operators also apply monitoring and incident response procedures aligned with industrial cybersecurity standards. Cyber risk management is increasingly assessed during regulatory audits and client assurance processes.

Reference: https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:85:0::::FSP_LANG_ID:25

Back to top ˄

How do ePOB systems interface with logistics and personnel management systems?

Many electronic POB systems integrate with onshore personnel management, travel, and logistics platforms. This allows planned personnel movements to be reconciled with actual arrivals and departures. Integration supports helicopter manifests, crew rotation planning, and compliance reporting. By sharing data, operators reduce duplication and inconsistencies between operational and safety systems. However, clear data ownership and validation rules are required to ensure that the POB system remains the single source of truth for who is on board at any given time.

Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/technical/human-factors

Back to top ˄

What standards or certifications influence the design of ePOB technology?

While no single global standard mandates a specific ePOB technology, system design is influenced by offshore safety regulations, maritime standards, and information security frameworks. Intrinsic safety certification is required for devices used in hazardous areas. Functional safety principles guide system reliability and failure behavior. Information security standards influence data handling and access control. Vendors and operators must demonstrate that their solutions meet these overlapping requirements through documentation, testing, and audits.

Reference: https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:25:0::::FSP_LANG_ID:25

Back to top ˄

How does electronic POB differ between fixed platforms and vessels?

On fixed platforms, ePOB systems are often tightly integrated with permanent access points, accommodation blocks, and muster areas. On vessels, systems must accommodate movement, port calls, and frequent personnel changes. Marine regulations also influence system design, particularly around passenger accounting and voyage reporting. While the core principles are similar, vessel-based ePOB solutions emphasize flexibility and integration with maritime systems, whereas platform-based solutions emphasize stable infrastructure and long-term presence tracking.

Reference: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/PassengerShips.aspx

What limitations and trade-offs exist in current ePOB technologies?

Electronic POB technologies involve trade-offs between accuracy, complexity, cost, and robustness. Highly granular location tracking provides more data but increases infrastructure demands and potential failure points. Simpler systems are more resilient but provide less situational detail. Human behavior, such as badge misuse, can still undermine system accuracy. Offshore operators must balance technological ambition with operational reality, prioritizing reliability and clarity over excessive functionality.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/human-technology.htm

Back to top ˄

Challenges and hazards using POB

What are the most critical hazards that POB systems must address offshore?

POB systems must function reliably in environments characterized by fire, explosion risk, extreme weather, and limited evacuation options. The most critical hazard is loss of accountability during an emergency, when confusion, smoke, noise, or infrastructure damage can prevent manual roll calls. Secondary hazards include power failures, network outages, and damage to access points that feed POB data. Human factors such as stress, fatigue, or non-compliance can further degrade accuracy. Because rescue decisions depend on POB data, any failure can expose missing personnel and emergency responders to severe danger. POB systems are therefore designed and assessed as safety-critical controls within offshore risk management frameworks.

Reference: https://www.identecsolutions.com/news/e-pob-why-handsfree-systems-are-a-must 

Back to top ˄

Why is incomplete or inaccurate POB data considered a major safety risk?

Inaccurate POB data creates uncertainty at the worst possible moment. If the POB list includes people who are no longer on board, rescue teams may waste time searching unsafe areas. If it omits personnel who are present, individuals may be left behind during evacuation. Incomplete data also undermines trust in the system, leading teams to revert to slower manual methods. Offshore emergencies evolve quickly, and decision-makers rely on POB as a factual baseline. Any discrepancy increases risk exposure, prolongs emergency response, and can escalate the severity of incidents.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/emergency-management.htm

Back to top ˄

How do human factors typically challenge POB effectiveness?

Human behavior is one of the most persistent challenges for POB. Personnel may forget to badge, bypass access points, share credentials, or misunderstand procedures. During emergencies, stress and cognitive overload can lead to incorrect mustering behavior. Cultural issues, such as prioritizing production over safety, may encourage shortcuts. Even well-designed systems depend on consistent human interaction. Effective training, leadership example, and clear communication are required to align behavior with POB processes. Without addressing human factors, technical solutions alone cannot guarantee reliable personnel accountability.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/offshore.htm

Back to top ˄

What environmental conditions offshore can affect POB systems?

Offshore installations are exposed to salt spray, humidity, vibration, temperature extremes, and explosive atmospheres. These conditions can degrade electronic components, reduce reader reliability, or shorten the battery life of wearable devices. Weather conditions may also disrupt transfers, creating rapid changes in personnel status. During emergencies, smoke, fire, or flooding can disable infrastructure. POB systems must therefore be engineered for harsh environments, using certified equipment, protective enclosures, and redundancy. Environmental resilience is a key milestone in the qualification and acceptance of the POB system.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/asset-integrity.htm

Back to top ˄

Why is system availability during emergencies a key milestone for POB?

The moment an emergency begins is when POB becomes most critical. Systems that fail under stress conditions lose their safety value. Availability requires backup power, local processing, and offline functionality so that POB and mustering remain possible even when networks or servers fail. Regulators and operators assess whether POB systems can operate during worst-case scenarios, not just normal operations. Demonstrating emergency availability through testing and drills is a major milestone before systems are accepted as safety-critical controls.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/emergency-systems.htm

Back to top ˄

How do transfer points represent a recurring POB challenge?

Transfers between shore, vessels, helicopters, and installations are frequent sources of POB discrepancies. Delays, diversions, or aborted landings can cause mismatches between planned and actual personnel movements. Manual updates may lag behind reality, especially during weather disruptions. Transfer points require precise coordination between logistics systems and POB processes. Many incorrect POB incidents originate at these interfaces, making them a focal area for audits, procedural controls, and improvements to system integration.

Reference: https://www.icao.int/safety/offshore/Pages/default.aspx

Back to top ˄

What challenges arise during emergency mustering and evacuation?

During mustering, time pressure, noise, limited visibility, and stress can lead to missed scans, incorrect assembly, or congestion at muster points. Evacuation adds further complexity, as personnel may move between lifeboats, vessels, or helicopters. Tracking these movements accurately is challenging, especially if infrastructure is damaged. POB systems must support rapid reconciliation between who should be present and who has been confirmed. Regular drills are essential to identify bottlenecks and procedural weaknesses before real emergencies occur.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/mustering.htm

Back to top ˄

How does reliance on manual fallback procedures create risk?

Manual fallback procedures are necessary but inherently slower and more error-prone than electronic systems. Paper lists, verbal confirmations, and memory-based checks are difficult to manage under emergency conditions. They also lack auditability and real-time visibility. If fallback procedures are poorly defined or rarely practiced, confusion can escalate quickly. A key challenge is ensuring that fallback methods are realistic, trained, and integrated into emergency plans rather than treated as theoretical last resorts.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/contingency.htm

Back to top ˄

What regulatory milestones typically apply to POB systems?

Regulatory milestones often include documented procedures, system commissioning, integration testing, and demonstration during drills. Authorities expect operators to show that POB arrangements are suitable for the installation’s risk profile. Changes to POB systems may require change management processes and revalidation. Inspections and audits assess whether systems remain effective over time. Achieving and maintaining regulatory acceptance is an ongoing challenge, especially when personnel numbers, layouts, or technologies evolve.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/regulatory.htm

Back to top ˄

Why is data integrity a persistent challenge for POB?

POB decisions are only as good as the underlying data. Duplicate records, delayed updates, or inconsistent data sources can undermine integrity. Integration with other systems introduces further risk if data ownership and validation rules are unclear. Cyber threats also pose a risk to data accuracy and availability. Maintaining integrity requires governance, access controls, monitoring, and regular reconciliation. Offshore operators increasingly treat POB data as safety-critical information requiring the same discipline as process control data.

Reference: https://www.iso.org/standard/27001.html

How do contractor-heavy environments complicate POB management?

Offshore projects often involve multiple contractors with different employers, systems, and cultures. Temporary personnel may be unfamiliar with site-specific POB procedures. Inconsistent onboarding or induction can lead to non-compliance. Contractor turnover also increases the likelihood of outdated records. Managing this complexity requires standardized processes, clear accountability, and systems that treat all personnel equally. Contractor environments are a common source of POB-related findings in audits and incident reviews.

Reference: https://www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/423.pdf

Back to top ˄

What challenges arise when scaling POB systems for large installations?

Large platforms or fleets involve hundreds or thousands of personnel, multiple access points, and complex layouts. System performance, data volume, and user interface clarity become critical. Delays or confusion in large-scale mustering can have severe consequences. Scalability must be proven through testing, not assumed. Operators must ensure that POB systems remain usable and responsive as scale increases, which is a significant technical and operational milestone.

Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/safety

Back to top ˄

How does change management affect long-term POB reliability?

Changes to layouts, access routes, personnel numbers, or technology can introduce new POB risks if not properly managed. Temporary workarounds often become permanent without validation. Management of change processes ensures that POB impacts are assessed before modifications are implemented. Poor change control is a common root cause in POB-related incidents. Sustaining reliability requires continuous attention rather than one-time system deployment.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/change.htm

Back to top ˄

Why is trust in the POB system a critical success factor?

If offshore personnel and emergency teams do not trust POB data, they will revert to manual checks, increasing response time and risk. Trust is built through consistency, transparency, and demonstrated reliability during drills. Systems that frequently show errors quickly lose credibility. Maintaining trust requires technical robustness, disciplined processes, and visible leadership support. Trust transforms POB from a compliance tool into an operational asset.

Reference: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/safety-culture.htm

Back to top ˄

What future challenges are emerging in offshore energy regarding POB?

Increasing automation, remote operations, and digital integration introduce new dependencies and cyber risks. Hybrid crews, shorter rotations, and multi-asset operations increase complexity. Regulators are also placing greater emphasis on digital assurance and human-system interaction. Future POB challenges will focus on balancing advanced technology with simplicity, resilience, and human-centered design. Addressing these challenges is essential as offshore energy evolves toward more connected and remote-controlled environments.

Reference: https://www.energyinst.org/exploration-production/digitalisation

Back to top ˄

Industry Knowledge Hub - Offshore Energy

Back to top ˄